Against Condoms in School Debate Paper -- social issues

Against Condoms in School Debate PaperUSING CONDOMS IN instruct CLEARLY NOT A GOOD PLANIn a large amount of schools across America, this has become a disturbing trend. Schools be handing tabu condoms to kids. This is wrong on so many fronts that I cannot even begin to name them. The fact that people argue this fact astounds me. I cannot believe this sue was even considered. I will name a few points that I believe are the most prominent and powerful arguments for my case.Firstly, the free condoms DO boost kids to have sex. Now, I am not so nave as to assume that teenagers wont have sex or will wait until they are married. However, I hope that others are not so nave as to think that free condoms wont encourage it. Some kids are afraid to buy them. Thats a very nerve-wra...

Stonehenge Essay -- essays papers

StonehengeBehind every great structure in the world, there are the people who made them, and who took the time and effort to design them. Those who made Stonehenge succeeded in creating an incredibly complex and mysterious structure that lived on long after its creators were nonviable. The many aspects of Stonehenge and the processes by which it was built reveal much about the intelligence and mundaneness of the civilizations that designed and built the monument, despite the fact that it is difficult to find out who exactly these people were. They have left very little evidence target with which we could get a better idea of their everyday lives, their culture, their surroundings, and their affairs with other peoples. The technology and wisdom that are inevitably required in constructing such a monument show that these prehistoric peoples had had more expertise than expected.The planning and assembling of Stonehenge took a very long time (about one thousand years, from 2800 BC to 1500 BC*), and not one but many different groups of people were involved in the process. How they came about plays an important role in understanding them. Some of the source men to come to England that are connected to the Stonehenge builders came when the ice blocking Britain and France melted around 10,000 BC (Souden, 104). After them, many more groups of people came from the mainland, and had great catch on those already living there. The first group involved in the building of Stonehenge was the Windmill Hill people. These people were semi nomadic utmostmers, mainly that keeping their flocks of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs, and growing wheat, who had arrived as some of the last Neolithic (or New Stone Age, 4300 2200 BC) newcomers in England. Not only were they farmers they also hunted, mined flint, made and traded axes, and could or so be called industrialists. The Windmill Hill people had a very strong religion with a great respect for their dead and th eir ancestors. They have exceptional incarnate graves, in the form of long barrows, or long manmade piles of dirt, sometimes 300 feet long. Many riches such as food, tools, and pottery were buried with the dead (Hawkins, 36).The next group to contribute to Stonehenge was the Beaker people, known for the beaker-like pottery they would frequently bury with their dead. These people did not ... ...The idea that men from the Stone Age were unintelligent, ill-mannered barbarians is far from the truth in the case of Stonehenge. The cultures of Windmill Hill, the Beaker people, and Wessex all thoroughly demonstrate organized systems and communities of the Stone and Bronze Ages.BIBLIOGRAPHYAncient Voices The Secret of Stonehenge. Dir. Jean-Claude Bragard. Narrator Mark Hammil. Videocassette. BBC/ meter Life, 1998.Cohen, I.L. The Secret of Stonehenge. Greenvale, NY New Research Publications, Inc., 1977.Dimitrakopoulos, Sandra. (2000). Mystic Places Stonehenge, Online. Available HTTP http//exn.ca/mysticplaces/stonehenge.cfm.Hawkins, Gerald S. Stonehenge Decoded. New York Doubleday, 1965.Mackie, Euan. The Megalith Builders. Oxford Phaidon Press Ltd., 1977.Niel, Fernand. The Mysteries of Stonehenge. New York Avon Books, 1975.Service, Alastair, and Jean Bradbery. Megaliths and Their Mysteries. New York MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1979.Souden, David. Stonehenge Revealed. New York Facts on File, Inc., 1997.White, trick B. Afterword. Stonehenge Decoded. By Gerald S. Hawkins. New York Doubleday, 1965. 191-197.

Europeans And Aborigines In The 1700s Essay -- Australia Australian H

European ships chiefly began sailing into southern Australian waters in the 18th century. These left human cargoes behind and, unlike earlier visitors, had an prompt impact on the Aborigines, who suffered interference with their economy and lifestyle as the colonists sought and secured for themselves good sources of water, sheltered positions, and access to fishall of which were also vital to patriarchal people.The perception that Australia was quietly settled without conflict with the primaeval people, an idea that, it has been argued, enabled the concept of terra nullius to be maintained, has been substantially revised in recent years. It is now generally adjudge that resistance took place right from the first tentative encroachments by European nations into Australian waters. The Dutch sailed into the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606 and one Dutch sailor was killed by the Tjungundji (whose hero was the warrior Sivirri). Another Dutch ship visited the area in 1623, but in attempting to kidnap people was met by 200 warriors who drove the sailors away. James Cook, in spite of the popular misconception, also met with some resistance in Botany Bay. Two Tharawal men, after sending away the women and children, stood firm against Cooks landing. fit in to Cooks account of the incident We then threw them some nails, beads etc. ashore which they took up and seemd not ill sunny in so much that I thought that they beckoned to us to come ashore, but in this we were much mistaken, for as soon as we put the sauceboat in they again came to oppose us upon which I fired a musket between the two which had no other effect than to make them retire plump for where bundles of their darts lay, and one of them took up a stone and threw at us w... ..., and movement controls and restriction of ceremonies meant that Aboriginal people were much more isolated from to each one other than they had been before. This, together with the influences and impact of European culture, resulted i n the development of new artistic styles. In some areas gospel music with a uniquely Aboriginal (or Torres Strait Islander) flavour was written and performed, in others country-and-western music or blues styles developed. More recently have come rock music and modern jump groups such as Bangarra. From the 1950s, new materials and styles came to be used in the visual arts, including watercolours, acrylic paints, pottery, photography, landscape, abstract art, and sculpture. These also reflected the radical changes in lifestyle and economy resulting from ineradicable European settlement, although the effect varied considerably across the continent.

College Admissions Essay: Making the Connections :: College Admissions Essays

Making the Connections The human race is immortal. There is nothing that forces us to decay into old age and die, this is merely our body destroying itself at a time our purpose ( reproduction ) is complete. Evolution not totally did not bother to select against genes that kill off people past 40, but to some percentage point selected for such genes the faster we go by dint of generations, the faster we evolve. If the genes that cause the changes we associate with old age were suppressed in some chemical way, we would be assailable of eternal life. Another way to immortality would involve the building of a biomechanical body of some sort, something right out of a Terminator movie, that would support the brain with whole the chemicals necessary to survival ( if we could determine which those be ) and thus avoid the effect of aging genes. All of this genetic, biochemical and hydraulic research would be based on knowledge gained in college. One other thing weve all heard of cul ts that claim they have discovered immortality in some way, which supposedly have members whove lived cc years. If theres even a shred of truth in any of that, my guess is that these cc year veterans have managed to order their minds in some way ( by dint of some arcane style of thinking perhaps ) that erased the biological clock. All in all, immortality is only one small thing that humans might be adapted of. The strange abilities seen in autistic people, like incredible number crunching speed, really argon not unique to autistic people. These abilities are c formerlyal complicated in everyones subconscious, and it is just a matter of our minds letting us use them or not. In fact, I think that along with those mathematical abilities are interred many more abilities. I feel sure that among them is perfect coordination, and there might be some really strange psychic or time-related abilities as well. The subconscious is driven by its creator, evolution. It is only concerned wi th reproduction. Evolution has erected a barrier between ourselves and our potential, and lets ability seep through to those who have desirable traits and are intended to reproduce.College Admissions Essay Making the Connections College Admissions Essays Making the Connections The human race is immortal. There is nothing that forces us to decay into old age and die, this is merely our body destroying itself once our purpose ( reproduction ) is complete. Evolution not only did not bother to select against genes that kill off people past 40, but to some academic degree selected for such genes the faster we go through generations, the faster we evolve. If the genes that cause the changes we associate with old age were suppressed in some chemical way, we would be capable of eternal life. Another way to immortality would involve the building of a biomechanical body of some sort, something right out of a Terminator movie, that would support the brain with only the chemicals necessary to survival ( if we could determine which those are ) and thus avoid the effect of aging genes. All of this genetic, biochemical and hydraulic research would be based on knowledge gained in college. One other thing weve all heard of cults that claim they have discovered immortality in some way, which supposedly have members whove lived 200 years. If theres even a shred of truth in any of that, my guess is that these 200 year veterans have managed to order their minds in some way ( through some arcane style of thinking perhaps ) that erased the biological clock. All in all, immortality is only one small thing that humans might be capable of. The strange abilities seen in autistic people, like incredible number crunching speed, really are not unique to autistic people. These abilities are buried dense in everyones subconscious, and it is just a matter of our minds letting us use them or not. In fact, I think that along with those mathematical abilities are buried many more abiliti es. I feel sure that among them is perfect coordination, and there might be some really strange psychic or time-related abilities as well. The subconscious is driven by its creator, evolution. It is only concerned with reproduction. Evolution has erected a barrier between ourselves and our potential, and lets ability seep through to those who have desirable traits and are intended to reproduce.

Alice Walkers Roselily - Two Stories in One :: Walker Roselily Essays

Alice baby buggys Roselily - Two Stories in One In the short story Roselily, Alice Walker tells two stories in one. The most obvious story is the one about the Black American char Roselily, who stands before the alter, just about to marry a muslim, while she thinks about her past, wonders about the future and is questioning wheter she is making the right choice. The other, hidden story is the story about Black American women in general, their news report and their ongoing search for something better. The way I understand the short story, Roselilys story is, as it is presented to the reader through Roselilys thoughts as she is in the middle of her wedding, a reflection of Black Americans (and womens in particular) shoes around the 1960s. At this time, Blacks are free Americans with the equal rights as other Americans, in theory. Roselily is an independent woman of her time, but being a single mother of four children, working long hours for most likely lousy wages in a secure pl ant, she is far from free. The Blacks are no longer slaves in the cotton fields, they are now paid slaves in the refinement industry. Roselily is most aware of her situation, and she is willing to commit her past and start a new life with a new man. She has probably been searching for a better life for quite some time, by being with different men, who all could give her a child, but not a new life. I am sensing an urge in Roselily, to scat on, symbolized by all the cars described in the short story They are constantly moving from one place to another, they give you mobility, prevent you from being stuck someplace you do not want to be. Roselily knows that she does not want to stay in the sewing plant, she knows that she wants to move on to something better, but she does not know what better is, and she for certain doubts if what she has chosen will be better than what she had. Her divided personality is like the different groups of Blacks in the civil rights movements. Some Bl acks wanted segregation, some wanted their own nation, some wanted to be more African, some wanted to live like the White Americans, some were Muslims and some were Christians. They all agreed that their current situation was not acceptable, but they did not know how to improve it.

Alice Walkers Roselily - Two Stories in One :: Walker Roselily Essays

Alice Walkers Roselily - Two Stories in One In the short business relationship Roselily, Alice Walker tells two stories in one. The most obvious story is the one about the Black American woman Roselily, who stands before the alter, just about to tie a muslim, while she thinks about her past, wonders about the future and is questioning wheter she is making the right choice. The other, hidden story is the story about Black American women in general, their history and their ongoing search for something repair. The way I understand the short story, Roselilys story is, as it is presented to the reader through Roselilys thoughts as she is in the shopping centre of her wedding, a reflection of Black Americans (and womens in particular) situation around the 1960s. At this time, Blacks are free Americans with the equal rights as other Americans, in theory. Roselily is an commutative woman of her time, but world a single mother of four children, working long hours for most likely lous y wages in a sewing plant, she is far from free. The Blacks are no longer slaves in the cotton fields, they are now paid slaves in the refinement industry. Roselily is most aware of her situation, and she is instinctive to leave her past and start a new life with a new man. She has probably been searching for a better life for quite some time, by being with different men, who all could give her a child, but not a new life. I am sensing an urge in Roselily, to move on, symbolized by all the cars described in the short story They are constantly moving from one place to another, they give you mobility, prevent you from being stuck somewhere you do not want to be. Roselily knows that she does not want to stay in the sewing plant, she knows that she wants to move on to something better, but she does not know what better is, and she certainly doubts if what she has chosen will be better than what she had. Her divided personality is like the different groups of Blacks in the civil right s movements. Some Blacks valued segregation, some wanted their own nation, some wanted to be more African, some wanted to live like the White Americans, some were Muslims and some were Christians. They all agreed that their genuine situation was not acceptable, but they did not know how to improve it.

Why College Athletes Should Get Paid

The single most debated topic when it comes to compensating student-athletes concerns whether student athletes should be pay beyond the full cost of attending school. The correct for play doctrine, in which athletes would earn a portion of the revenue they help generate, is a steeply controversial topic that has become more popular in recent years. The arguments in favor of pay for play originate from the fact that the players are the reason why the NCAA is able to make television contracts. These contracts include $11 billion over 14 years Just for the television rights to March Madness.With step to the fore the players of different sports and genders, the NCAA would non exist, let alone be able to sign long contracts like that. Also, the report on The Price of Poverty in Big Time College Sport found statistics that show that these athletes deserve to be compensated. By employ NFL and NBA collective bargaining agreements to estimate the fairish market place value of FBS foo tball and basketball players, the study found that football players attending the University of Texas and basketball players at Duke induce enormous fair market values. Football players at Texas father a fair market value of $513,922, while basketball players atDuke have a fair market value of $1 according to the study. I dont feel that these players need to be paid that much because that is more than minimum salaries in both passkey person leagues, but from a business standpoint it isnt ethical for these athletes to non be paid. Representative Bobby Rush of Illinois attended a congressional roundtable discussion on college sports in Washington, DC and described what the NCAA does as a systemic, ongoing, prolonged abuse of thousands and thousands of innocent young men and women who are only trying to make a life for themselves and live the American dream.Athletes from the football got in trouble because their athletes received improper benefits would argue that pay for play woul d put an end to the black market for paying players. Many argue that these athletes are at school to get an education, but some come from families that could use the extra coin for necessities. If these athletes were to get paid to play it could give them an incentive to not cuckold merchandise and to stay in school and get their degree.Also, Rob Gilmore who is an ESPN college football analyst states that at least(prenominal) 42 of the 119 division 1 football coaches earn more than $1 million per ear, but the athletes are the ones out on the field. So if it wasnt for the performance of the athletes, the coaches would not earn those salaries. When he played for the Ohio State Buckeyes, Terrell Pryor was a superstar of the peppy. Not only was he one of the take up quarterbacks, but overall was one of the best players and that is why him exchange memorabilia, was so widely publicized.Like I stated in my introduction, more and more players are selling memorabilia because of neces sities that loved ones may need in time of their absence from home. In an article covered y ESPN Terrell Pryor was quoted saying, The reason why I did it was to pay my m differents gas bill and some of her rent. I was vocalizing the NCAA, Please, anything that you can do. I gave my mother this so my sister wouldnt be cold, so my mother wouldnt be cold. They didnt have any sympathy for me. Pryor also told reporters that he sell his pants for $3,000 but friends of Pryors said that he made false of autographs. The point is there is going to be stars of the college game that take advantage of their stardom and ones that need the extra help to support their family when they leave for college. By paying these athletes a fair amount you could be doing them a considerably deserved Justice as well as doing a panache with a lot of the behind the scenes scandals. Not only is paying athletes the ethical thing to do, but when other people benefit from their pay it is possible for the law to be broke.One law that the NCAA violates when profiting of the student-athletes is the right of publicity. The law is defined as The right of publicity prevents the unauthorized commercial use of an individuals name, likeness, or other recognizable aspects of ones persona. It gives an individual the exclusive right to license the use f their identity for commercial promotion. This also shows that the NCAA violates the law by not allowing the student-athletes to profit finish off their own personas. One example of how the NCAA violates the Right to Publicity is through island of Jersey sales.Up until recently they did this in two ways one way was selling game worn Jerseys to retailors, the other which has been stopped was selling replica Jerseys on the NCAA online store. Under the common law of Right to Publicity the NCAA should not be able to sell used Jerseys to retailors without consent of the player and should also include some compensation for the sale. The player whose Jersey is being sold would not have as high of value if the said player would have never played for an NCAA school.The NCAA uses the success of an athlete or program/school to make a profit on its Jersey sales. Contrary to the success of a team where its not the name on the back you play for but its the name on the front, Jersey sales are based more on the name of the player on the Jersey or of the player who wore it. This stays true even in professional sport, When Lebron James moved from the Cleveland Cavaliers to the Miami Heat he still stayed in the top 10 in Jersey sales. This shows that the of his own publicity that he makes notes.The other way the NCAA made money from Jersey sales was from selling them on the online store. Even though the NCAA ended this in September it is still very relevant. This aspect of Jersey sales was brought into the spot light when Texas A&M Johnny Manziel football player was put into the spotlight when he was accused of selling merchandise and devising a profit, an NCAA violation. When his status as an amateur athlete, which would make him ineligible to compete in the NCAA, was in question many former NCAA athletes came to the defense of Manziel.One former Duke basketball player, Jay Bilas, accused the NCAA of being hypocrites when he went on their store and was able to search any players Jersey by name and buy it, even though the NCAA is not allowed to use players call in their sale of Jerseys. The NCAA suspended their direct merchandise sales in September due to the outrage over the issue. These two examples, selling used Jerseys and selling replica Jerseys, show that the NCAA was in violation of the Right to Publicly.The NCAA either needs to forego all merchandise sales tied straightway to its athletes or they need to offer some compensation for any ales that the NCAA benefits from its athletes. Another way the NCAA violates the right to publicity is in the television set games they create partnered with EA Sports. This is currently a hot topic and is being argued in courts. Former UCLA basketball player Ed OBannon filed a lawsuit against the NCAA for using his image in a video game. The NCAA and EA Sports currently make video games for football but in the past had made them for basketball and baseball.The video games do not use player names but they do use their numbers and accurately portray players skill sets and body types. OBannon has gained tremendous support from former athletes saying that they deserve compensation because the NCAA and EA Sports both profited from the players likeness. So far EA Sports has settled for 40 million dollars, which will be distributed between 200,000-300,000 current and former NCAA athletes. The current lawsuit between OBannon and the NCAA is ongoing.Many people covert the lawsuit are calling the NCAA hypocritical because they do not allow student-athletes to profit off themselves but the NCAA has taken many steps to make money from the student-athletes, none of w hich is seen by the student-athletes. The fact that EA Sports settled in its case shows that they understand that the NCAA did something wrong. The fact that the NCAA will not admit to that and still withholds its student- athletes from making money off themselves while he NCAA continues to do so Just shows that the system needs to be adjusted to better help the student-athletes.The NCAA is an organization that should be looking out for the best interest of its student-athletes. For the most part the NCAA does this but when it comes to compensation the NCAA needs to adjust. The way the NCAA has treated its student- athletes would rival forms of theft. Between the sale of Jerseys and profiting of layers personas in video games, the student-athletes should have earned some compensation for being the driving factor behind the revenues made from these two activities.From the examples listed above the NCAA needs to revise its bylaws that deal with players and making money/being compensat ed. It is not legally and morally correct to be withholding money from student-athletes who had a large part in generating the money.

Organisational Behaviour: A Case Study Essay

Question one. Learning is a process of adapting to a revision of behavior or the ability to alter ones way of acting as a result of influence from constant take in out or experiences (Michas and Berry, 2000). Learning arouse either be viewed as a process or as a product of an already completed process. As a process, tuition is viewed as a transformation of conduct or a change in the mental state of an individual while as a product, learning is canvas under the basis of various learning theories.The learning theory seeks to explain how and to what extent such a change is bound to occur. This theory is very meaty in organisations because it dishs to create mettlesome level professionals at the tapplace. Depending on the situation and the willingness of the establishers, different organisations can apply different learning theories at different times. iii main perspectives of this theory argon known. This include deportmentism, cognitivism and constructivism. Behaviourism focuses mainly on the physical aspects of learning.According to Miller and Pace (2006), a change in behavior is not influenced by the individuals emotions or personal motives but rather, it is a lasting change in behaviour which occurs when triggered by a change in the surrounding environment. This betterment has been found to yield changes such as discrimination, associations among some other skills which do not require in depth internal processes. For instance, from the model think given, Dianes behaviour changed when she started working at La Maison where the environmental factors taught her to be hard working and efficient in her work.Cognitivism perspective deals with matters linked to the brain-system. In this case, a learning process involves the internal processes which includes how the mind receives, organises, stores and retrieves data or any information received. It concent evaluate on the mental aspect of the the leaners thoughts, beliefs, ideas and carriages towar ds the organisation. This approach of the learning theory has been in very helpful in explaining the intricate forms of behaviour which involve reasoning, solving problems and processing data to alter ones behaviour (Niederhausler et al, 2002).In the case study, this kind of learning theory is seen when a workers behaviour in an organisation are influenced by factors such as buss attitude, organisational husbandry among other factors which are not visible physically. The constructivism approach on the other hand views learning as a process of constructing brisk ideas and concepts. It is more or little the opposite of behaviorism in that it focuses on how an individual molds a certain form of behaviour emanating from past knowledge or experiences.From the case study, the constructivism kind of learning approach is evident where we see that Diane had learnt from previous experience how to give fast and quality services to the customers by balancing several(prenominal) plates on he r arms. This was a positive kind of behaviour which ensured faster delivery much to the satisfaction of her customers. In an organisational concept, there are specific qualities associated with learning or change of behaviour in organisations. This depends on what is learned, how and when it is learned.Different organisations differ in their methods of learning mainly due to the fact that every organisation represents a corporal combination of individuals from different backgrounds and more so, it consists of a units which have different roles and values which they use to achieve their future remainders (Billett, 2007). According to Prange (1999), it is the individuals who learns and not the organisations which they work for. In this case, he argues that learning is a process which primarily takes place in the human brain.Another argument put forward by Perkins (1997) says that compensate though learning may take place in organisations, it is not always positive. That is, not al l organisations learn well and in a way which is bound to prompt their future goals into the right direction. For instance, different workers in an organisation may hold different views concerning the organisations future success depending on the kind of leaders style deployed in the organisation by its leaders.The three perspectives of the learning theory, behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism have several strengths as well as weakness on the workers of an organisation as observed from the case study given. The behaviourism concept of the learning theory has an advantage in that, every worker has a gull and concise goal which he or she is set to achieve and thus any change in the environment can stimulate its achievement automatically. However, this approach has been criticized in that the workers may at times encounter a situation in which the right stimulus do not occur thus hindering the achievement of the coveted goals.For instance, if the workers in a hotel are used t o responding to a certain stimulus such as tips in order to work effectively, the efficacy would sharply expend ones the tips cease to exist. For the cognitivism approach, the learners are trained to work in a certain way consistently with or without a stimuli. This is advantageous in that it avoids inconsistencies in the work place and ensures customer satisfaction t all times. On the other hand, this may be disadvantageous in that the workers mind may become prone to doing the same thing such that it may be very difficult for them to adapt to any slight change in the organisation.The constructivism approach is useful in that the leaner is able to adapt to many changes which may occur in the organisation based on previous situations. However, this approach has a major drawback in that it in some situations, divergent thinking may cause problems in the organisation. From the case study given, Diane the learner has a change of behaviour which is affected by the change in the enviro nment or the climate created by her boss which makes her strive to do every thing in a perfect way. However, when she is quarreled, her attitude changes and she starts to do things in a slow inefficient manner.In this case study, a positive aspect of cognitive learning theory is also seen whereby, Dianes behaviour is influenced by the high tips she gets from the customers and this motivates her to work harder even when the motivation she is getting from her boss is very minimal. In addition, it can also be deduced from the case study that all the workers at the La Maison where Diane works are taught how to work under pressure and work with excellence. This behaviour has been shaped by the workplace culture of practice from the instructions given by Godot their manager.This reflects a constructive learning approach. Question two. From the case study, the environment and the authoritarian leadership style exercised by Godot the manager of La Maison has a great impact on the behaviour of the workers and Diana in particular. From the organisational culture which emphasises on excellence and team-work, Diane behaviour was immediately inclined towards working to her best potence since the beginning which ensured that she did a good job. However, her behaviour changed when she was quarreled by the boss and she decided to work slowly and her efficiency was greatly reduced.Other factors which helped to shape Dianes behaviour include the tips she got from the customers which motivated her to work more in order to get more tips. This forced her to go back to her efficient working pace even when her morale had really been put down by her boss. Many positive and negative reinforcements, punishments and extinction forces which may be used by Godot and his customers may be identified from the case study. Among the positive reinforcements used by Godot include his dedicate and industrious attitude towards his work which motivated the workers to put more effort in their work. His vision and the culture of team-work which he emphasised on also made the employees to work together to satisfy all the customers. However, Godot had very bad emotional outbursts and tempers which negatively affected the workers efficiency. For instance, after putting so much effort, Diane felt discouraged due to the fact that her boss did not even notice her hard work but instead, he was very quick to quarrel her when she committed a simple mistake. The insults he hauled towards the workers when the restaurant was crowded and they were unable to keep pace with the high number of customers also lowered the workers morale.In terms of punishments, Godot believed in punishing the workers when they went wrong by imposing fines to fall in the price of their mistakes. This made the workers to feel furious and disappointed thus become less efficient in their work. As a good manager, Godot can improve the workers efficiency with complimenting them for their hard work and correcting the m in the right way where they go wrong instead of insulting them. In addition, he should strive to improve his relationship with his workers in order to motivate them.The positive reinforcements acquired from the restaurant customers include good compliments to the workers and tips in terms of money for their efficient services. Negative responses such as less tips when the services were less efficient also helped to motivate Diane to work harder in order to please them and get more tips. Thus, by being appreciative, the customers helped to shape the behaviour of the workers in a positive way. Question three. The various reinforcements and punishments discussed above had a positive as well as a negative impact on Dianes behaviour.For instance, when Diane dropped a bowl of bouillabaisse, she was fined the price of the bouillabaisse and the cost of cleaning the carpet she stained, as a punishment for her mistake. This made Diane feel very angry, disappointed and worried and as a resu lt, there was a visible decline in her performance. This was a very negative impact on Dianes behaviour. On the other hand, Godots industrious and dedicated type of attitude helped to shape Dianes behaviour in a positive way in that she became very dedicated and efficient in her work much to the satisfaction of the customers and this conferred an overall benefit to the restaurant.The customers appreciative nature and the compliments they gave to Diane helped to motivate her more to work with greater efficacy. When the customers tips dropped, she was forced to go back to her original working pace in order to please the customers. This positively shaped her behaviour as it taught her to be hardworking and committed in her work at all times regardless of her bosss attitude. Question four. Hourly pay evaluate and tips from customers especially in restaurants have proved to be very effective in reinforcing positive behaviour in workers.The periodical pay rates motivate the workers to w ork for long in order to maximise their pays and thus ensuring that high productivity at the workplace is achieved. The tips on the other hand recommend the workers to work extra hard in order to satisfy the customers who will in return give them larger tips. If the services are of poor quality, the customers are unsatisfied and they thus do not feel obliged to give tips to the workers. In the case of La Maison restaurant studied above, the hourly pay rates of $15. 0 offered plus the tips from the customers proved to be very effective in shaping Dianes behaviour as well as that of other workers.The tips averaging around 20 percent per day motivated Diane to work harder because she knew that better the services meant more tips for her. When her efficiency in services declined, her tips also went down by or so half and this forced her to step up her pace in order to get back to where she originally was. In this case, it can be deduced that the use of hourly pay rates and tips can h elp an organisation to make more money because of the high quality services delivered by its workers.Conclusion. From the case study above, it is clear that every organisations has a great role to play in shaping the behaviour of its workers. An organisation can either have a positive or a negative impact on the attitude and behaviour of its workers depending on the kind of leadership style practiced by the leader and also the culture of that particular organisation. It is therefore upon the leaders to adopt the right kind of leadership which is geared towards cultivating a positive attitude in their workers as this will help them to work harder and maximise the profits incurred by the organisation.

Chartes Cathedral 1

Entering Chartres Cathedral Through the Central Portal In the town of Chartres ab come forth 50 miles southwest of Paris, is where the Chartres Cathedral is located and lavatory be seen for miles as it is the tallest structure and was create on the highest point of the town. Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Chartres is its formal name but since the majority of the French Cathedrals were dedicated to the Virgin Mary, to avoid wonder the cathedrals be referred to the town to which they belong. The Chartres Cathedral has portals on the northern, southerly, and western sides of the building.Each of the Portals has three enormous doors that are surrounded by sculptures depicting circumstances from the life of saviour and Mary as well as a Colossal Rose Window, which is above the doors. The Western Portal also called the Royal Portal is the oldest part of the church and mostly built in the Romanesque Style that was a precursor of Gothic. After a fire in The southern transept portals sculptur es are of the New Testament and depict scenes from the Last nous while the Rose Window is a stain glass masterpiece of The Glorification of Christ.As you approach the central door, you are greeted by a statue of Jesus keeping a book in one hand and appearing to be giving a blessing with his other, as his Disciples flank him on both sides of the jamb. The statue of Jesus is on the trumeau which is a column supporting a tympanum of a doorway at its center. Once through the door you are in the southern transept. This section of the cathedral is an arm of the Latin Cross that is the floor plan of all cathedrals. Just ahead is the Crossing, to your left is a side aisle of the nave, and to your pay finish up are the both-fold aisles that lead to the area that is the back area of the Apse.The Apse is a rounded end (semi-circle) of a cathedral, church, or building that demonstrates its importance. Chartres Cathedral was constructed with double aisles to accommodate the large number of pilgrims who visited daily and who would pray in the Chapels. The back part of the Apse houses the Choir Screen, Choir Aisle (the first aisle), the Ambulatory (the import aisle), and seven Radiating Chapels. As you journeying towards the Apse, the next section that you will traverse is called the Crossing. This area is the center of the Latin Cross in the floor plan.There are four massive columns that are as big as the North American Red Woods that mark the four corners. These columns were carved to appear to be a cluster of many smaller columns to give the appearance of being lighter in mass that they really are. As your eye follows the columns up you retrieve the Triforium an area of arches that form a gallery or an arcade, and the Clerestory the section that has the most stain glass windows to allow daylight into the interior. These areas form the upper two levels of the Nave in the Cathedral.As your gaze continues upward you then began to notice the rib vaults that form the c eiling. As your eyes follow the ribs downward you notice the Piers that seem to sprout out of the columns that support the upper levels as well as the roof. Turning toward the right you are now facing the Choir this is the area that leads to the Apse. You have arrived. The Apse is cordon off by a low wrought iron prayer fence. This area is elevated by a series of wide steps that allow place for the Leaders of the Cathedral, Alter, candles and other items used during Mass.There are 15 stain glass windows on the Clerestory level and approximately 60 on the Triforium level creating a Bay that illuminates the Apse. A Comparison of Giottos Arena Chapel Nativity with that of Pisano in the Pisa Baptistery snout Giovanni Pisano (1250 1315) and Giotto di Bondone (1266 1337) were contemporaries who are credited as geniuses of the Italian Renaissance because they both produced works that were correctly created from the natural world. The natural stances, proportions, and folds of the mater ial are evident in each of their works.Gone are the elongated bodies and stylized pleats and patterns of the twisty style, which preceded the Renaissance Giovanni was an Italian sculpture, painter, and architect who received his training from his famous father Nicola Pisano. Giovanni worked as his fathers apprentice up until his death (1284) this is when his sculptures began to have a more natural appearance. It is believed that Giotto was disc all overed by the Florentine Cimabue painter discovered Giotto drawing pictures of his sheep on a rock. They were so lifelike that Cimabue asked his father if he could vex the boy as an apprentice.Giotto was a painter, sculpture, and architecture, who is considered the first of the Italian Renaissance. Although Giovanni and Giotto worked in different mediums, the breadths of their works are of traditional religious subject. Giovannis Pisano Pisa Baptistery Pulpit is hexangular functional sculpture carved from marble that is divided into th ree sections. The lower register has lions and other figures, with the lions depicted as vanquishing prey a Romanesque symbol for Christianity triumphing over paganism.The centre level depicts personified Virtues and Prophets, and the upper, has reliefs depicting events in the life of Christ. Giottos Nativity scene is one of 53 Frescos painted for the Arena Chapel that displays a boniface of Angels, shepherds, animals, Joseph asleep in the foreground, while a relaxing Mary and the Midwife place a swaddled infant Jesus into the manger. There is a similar scene in high relief of a reclining Mary and swaddled Jesus on one of the upper panels of the Baptistery Pulpit. It took Giovanni about 8 years to complete the podium while it took Giotto 5 years for the whole Chapel.Although one may think that a painting is easier that a sculpture, the technique for creating a fresco is time eat due to the need of only applying the wet plaster to the area of the wall to be painted in small patc hes. All the while temperature and atmospheric conditions could switch the paint as well as the drying time. Any areas that had a mistake would have to be cut out and the process would begin anew. The Baptistery Pulpit and the Nativity scene are both in some state of disrepair but to attempt to rectify this may further damage and take off from these great mater pieces.Another notable similarity between the two pieces is the use of the chiaroscuro technique. This is the use of deep variations in and subtle gradations of light and shade, especially to enhance the limning of character and for general dramatic effect. A few places in the Nativity scene Giotto used were to create the folds in the clothing and the crags seen on the mountains of the background. Giovanni was able to coming into court this technique through the deep carvings, which cast shadows creating the light and dark areas.Both pieces are filled with symbolism such as the personification of Fortitude on the middle l evel of the pulpit as Hercules and the painted ass that represents the unenlightened and the ignorant for its failure to recognize the significance of the moment. Both works were commissioned not only to beautify their surroundings, but also to inspire and to educate through an emotional experience by viewing the realistic scenes. References http//images. library. pitt. edu/cgi-bin/i/image http//www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/nave/ http//www. medievalart. org. k/Chartres/Chartres_default. htm http//upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Basilique_Saint-Denis_01. jpg http//www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/hypertext markup language/medieval_chartres_ntransept. htm http//classics. uc. edu/johnson/hum98/chartres-intext. asp http//teach2thrill. blogspot. com/2011/12/chartres-cathedral. html http//www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/crossing/ http//www. sacred-destinations. com/france/chartres-cathedral http//www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathe dral/Windows/Transept-windows/122A-South-Rose/Chartres-122SouthRose.HTM http//www. GreatBuildings. com/cgi-bin/gbi. cgi/Chartres_Cathedral. html/cid_aj2831_b. html http//www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/html/medieval_chartres_ambulatory. htm http//www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathedral/Architecture/Interior/Main-Level/Main-Int-Frame. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Giovanni_Pisano http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nicola_Pisano http//www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/giotto/ http//www. wga. hu/frames-e. html? /html/g/giotto/padova/index. html http//www. bluffton. edu/sullivanm/italy/pisa/baptistrypulpit/pulpit. html

Destination Disneyworld

Destination to Disneyworld Our familys favorite tradition is summer vacation road trips. No doubt, our vacations turn tabu to be a success each and every year. Throughout my childhood and into my teenager years, we have g one from the beaches in Florida to the valleys in California. The most memorable one I could recall was our vacation to Disneyworld in Orlando, FL in 2004. I always have the notion as child that amusement park take your vision to a new and entirely different level.On television commercials and billboard ads, it shows that Disneyworld is a destination where dreams come true and magic happen. It was a hot and humid solar daylight on the first week of June, my br otherwises and sister was so excited and anxious to see what this wonderful stick has to offer. Every summer, my parent would take their hard earning speech from their account and treat my siblings to a vacation. It was a special time for my mom because it shows how important it is for our family to reun ite with each other.Although I was only ten at the time, I could remember all of my vacations like it all happen yesterday. Being so young and naive, all my mind could think was meeting paddy field Mouse, Donald Duck, and all the other characters. On our first day there, we reproof the Magic Kingdom and Universal Studio and one word that comes to mind was magical. My parent turn back to when they were kids and the purlieu and atmosphere there was unbelievable.My brother and I were jumping up and down and doesnt have the care for the world because we were having so much fun. Our next day there, my entire family rode the Splash Mountains and Tower of Terror which I was scared at the beginning but it ended up to be another ride I enjoyed. The laser light show was the most awesome thing I have seen, it was at least twenty minute of lights, lasers firework, animation, and dancing waters. The shows consisted of all of the Disney characters and with Mickey Mouse telling a stories with h is magical wand.The next morning, we spent the entire day at the MGM studios. This park was all movie themes which offers behind the glimpse of Hollywood style action with live shows, thrilling attractions, and backstage tours that are mainly dedicated to entertainment. On our last night there, I realized how amazing this place was and was in totally disbelief that it was almost time to go home. My family all thought every penny spent there was worthwhile and planning to visit it again once our families expand.

Compare and contrast the opening scenes of Romeo and Juliet (Baz Luhrmann) and Westside story (Robert Wise)

At the start of the coal scuttle sequence to Romeo and Juliet, a short description of the story is told by a news reader who is inwardly the screen in a small, old television. The opinion of the television being used is to immediately inform the audience that the story has been modernized. The oldness of the TV could signify that it is the modernisation of and old story. A broken ring is displayed in the top right hand corner of the inset TV. This signifies the hat redness between the twain families but to a fault the eternal love between Romeo and Juliet which they ar trying to break.As the explanation of the story commences the TV becomes larger, the camera zooms in on it, and then the real scenes from the opening sequence are shown.The writing in fair Verona is displayed in white writing, mentioning it is a nice, calm city where everybody lives happily. The writing being in white backs this up as white has the connotation of being angelic. In the soil though there is dramat ic opera music being played. Opera music is associated with tragedy and from the following scenes we see why this music is played. The music then holds on a few long notes and a deep political voice speaks. This suggest something serious is happening or about to happening.The screen the flashes to a helicopter patrolling a city which looks to be in chaos, a statue of Jesus is shown then a mixture of images displaying devastation and violence, such as house on fire and gun fights, is intertwined with images of religion and holiness. This signifies the two familys hypocritical view of religion. They claim to live their lives with divinity fudge but hypocritically go against every one of his commandments throughout their daily lives. The unearthly images could too represent the two people within the family who are religious and who are in love with each other and are willing to give up everything to be with each other.The characters of each of the families are then shown. They ar e all shown to be hiding in the shadows or darkness. This may imply that they are hiding from each other or from the police because they are committing crime. It may also be used to create a sense of mystery, we dont know what the two families plan to do to each other, so by showing them in the shadows, it hides it from us as well as themselves.The quickness of the changing between scenes is used to show us that this story is an action packed roller coaster. It also signifies the different attitudes and emotions we discover in this film.The opening scene to Westside Story simply uses a variety of colours and music to describe the events we may skirmish in the film. It begins with the whistling of a songbird which we associate with the break of a new day although it could signify any cadence of day. The music begins as chasey music perhaps signifying the followers of something. The background colour is light orange which, is quite neutral and does not necessarily signify anything . The music then calms down into peaceful happy music, perhaps signifying the retrieval or capture of the thing that was being pursued. This music continues for a while because the happiness is lasting, slowly the background colour changes into a light red and then a dark red. The music dies into slow, sad, tragic music which could signify the loss or separation from the thing. It could also mean a death in the story because red has the connotation of death and also the connotation of romance. Perhaps a romance has been ended and the main character is sorrowful because of this.The background colour then changes from red through to pink, purple and then blue. This could signify a lonely sad period where the main character spent time alone to mourn/miss the loss of this thing.The music suddenly then changes to intense battle like music whilst the background colour changes to a blood red colour. This could imply some kind of revenge that results in a death, or perhaps a murder attempt on the main character. We are informed of the outcome of these possible events. The music becomes a victorious war-like tune which informs us that the main character must have been the one who was no-hit in the attempt of revenge/murder.The music then calms down and the background changes to white this could mean that the actions that caused the possible death were effectiveifiable. The background then changes again to a royal victorious blue. This could symbolize that the main character has resolved his/her problem and is happy again whilst still in the background missing that thing.These two opening scenes are very different in the way they portray the plot of the film. Westside story does not use images to inform us of the narrative, it just uses colours and music, whereas Romeo and Juliet uses images, voiceovers and music to inform us of the emotions incurred. These two methods are both effective because they do not give too much of the story outside but inform us of the gene ral idea of the film. Romeo is possibly more effective to the untrained eye which is not analyzing the opening scenes because it visually shows us the idea of the film without having to think too much about whats being shown too us. Westside story is very effective in its description of the plot and narrative. The changes of music and colour clearly outliner the general consensus of the film whilst still leaving the viewer wondering what is actually happening.

Legal and Professional Issues – Manager of an IT company

You are a manager with an IT play along supplying information management systems to checkup pr stageices. A company marketing health-related products (complementary medicines, books on diets and miracle cures of various kinds) has approached you. They suggest that you jointly offer doctors incentives to accept a feature in your system that will print by advertisements for their products on documents for perseverings and target different categories of patients with mailings.Content PageTitle PageContent PageEthical Issues it raises for* The individuals- doctors, IT manager 4* The groups marketing company, patients 4-5Enquires which may be carried step to the fore in order to understand the problem better 5Proposed solution for the problem 5-6Bibliography 7Appendices 8-11Manager of an IT companyEthical Issues it raises forIT Manager* Data Protection hazard 1998- sensitive personal data within the act states that his physical or mental health or condition1 should not be disclosed . See Appendices.* Human rights act 1998* The act of Bribery, illegal in the UK.* Company should have made a legal binding to the medical practice to secure data leakage.* Ethics and knowledge Technology. See Bernhard Debatin in Appendices.* In relation to Mills theory- the consequences could lead to higher monitoring of privacy if the activity is disclosed. See Appendices.Doctors* Following the principle of Mills, again, the consequences could be increase monitoring of doctoring practice locally or through the UK.* Data protection act 1998* Human rights act 1998* Unspoken confidentiality agreement with patient (doctor/ patient relationship)* medical good practices, as laid out by the General Medical Council http//www.gmc-uk.org/standards/default.htm.* Breaking position of patient/ doctor authority* Misinforming patients/ disclosing information about a product he/she may know little about i.e. not knowing the side affects and misinforming patients claiming a miracle cure.* Accepti ng a personal incentive on behalf of patient confidentiality* Viewed as a high profile in society- should set a high ethical example* Potential- under Mills theory, of loosing the Doctor Status, respect and combining of the patients.Marketing Company* The British Code of Advertising Practice* Marketing ethical practices* Freedom of Information motion 2000 could be viewed as ethical for such medical information to be disclosed in Europe.Patients* Unspoken confidentiality agreement with doctor (doctor/ patient relationship)* Date protection Act 1998 as before* Human Rights Act 1998 as before* Doctor- medical professional, patient- not a medical professional, thus the acceptance of something neither may no much about would potentially go by* Names/ Address/ disabilities and/or illnesses being disclosed private and personal information which could be very sensitive to the individual.Enquires which may be carried out in order to understand the problem betterIt would be beneficial to do all the following in order to understand the situation better* fill the marketing company to gain a comprehensive understanding of the products if not, the manufacturer.* Conduct research to find out if the product(s) have been used elsewhere, and if so, what the results were.* Contact the NHS what are the regulations arse the marketing of products within medical practises. As the governing body, has research been previously carried out on these products?* Contact the General Medical Council who protect/ guide doctors and patients. With consummate(a) knowledge of ethical guidance procedures for doctors and patients, they claim doctors should along with many other thingso Respect and protect confidential information about patientso Respect patients lordliness and privacyo Avoid abusing your position as a doctor2* Speak to the doctors, ask them about the product and for them to speak to their peers in necessitate to the product- has others heard/used them.Proposed solution for the problemThere are a couple of steps that can be carried out in order to minimise the ethical dilemmas that are concealed within this problem1. The IT Manager myself could give the doctors details obtained from the company marketing health-related products so that they have the choice as to whether they carry out the advertising- it would then be their responsibility to ensure date protection.2. The idea of disclosing patient information in my view acting as the manager is totally unethical, and will not tear down be taken into consideration even with an incentive- it would put my profession as well as the medical practice under legal scrutiny.3. The NHS could be contacted to meet if it would be possible for the marketing company to operate through them, ensuring that nothing illegal/unethical is taking place, and thus increasing the financial position of the NHS, again, loss the IT company out of the equation

How To Handle Information Essay

The learner can1. Understand requirements for handling randomness in social commission settings 1.1 Identify legislation and codes of practice that relate to handling information in social deal settings 1.2 Explain how legal requirements and codes of practice inform practice in handling information 2. Understand good practice in handling information in social care settings 2.1Explain how to maintain records that are up to date, complete, straight and legible 2.2Describe practices that ensure security when storing and accessing information 2.3Describe features of manual and electronic information storage systems that help ensure security 3. Understand how to support others to handle information3.1 Explain how to support others to understand the need for secure handling of information 3.2 Explain how to support others to understand and contribute to recordsAdditional information about the unit of measurementwhole purpose and aim(s)This unit develops the knowledge and understanding needed to implement and promote good practice in recording, sharing, storing and accessing information in social care settings. This unit is aimed at those who are interested in, or new to working in social care settings. Unit expiry dateDetails of the family relationship between the unit and relevant national occupational standards or other professional standards or curricula (if appropriate) HSC 31Guidance for developing assessment arrangements for the unit (if appropriate)Others whitethorn includeColleaguesExternal third party such as IT specialistSocial workerOccupational healerGPSpeech and Language TherapistPhysiotherapistPharmacistNurseSpecialist nursePsychologistPsychiatristIndependent Mental Capacity AdvocateAdvocateDementia care advisor sagaciousness requirements or guidance specified by a sector or regulatory body (if appropriate) This unit needs to be assessed in line with the Skills for aid and Development QCF Assessment Principles. Support for the unit from a SSC or other appropriate body (if required)Skills for Care and DevelopmentLocation of the unit within the line of business/sector classification system 01.3 Health and Social CareName of the organisation submitting the unitAvailability for useSharedUnit available fromUnit guided learning hours

Life of Prophet Mohammad Essay

This paper for masturbate discuss the tone of vaticinator Mohamed which will span from his birth to his c all tolding and burster. The tolerant of persecution he face up from the time of his ordination or revelation to his time of manifestation when he conquered Mecca (makkah), his character in morality and his teachings. What influence he had in the growth of Islam as a religion. Introduction prophet Mohammad was born in 570 CE in a position known as Mecca (makkah). His fathers name was Abdullah who died in a place known as Medinah weeks forward Mohammad was born.His mother also died when he was six eld old plot of ground travelling from Medinah in a place called Abwa. This forced Mohammad to be raised by his paternal autocratic father whose name was Abd al Muttalib for a period of around two stratums, afterwards which his rail elan yardfather died. By this time he was aged eight years old, his uncle Abu Talib took c be of him hence forth. His grandfathers mother (his great grand mother) who went by the name of Salma was a native of Medinah, she raised and brought up the grand father to Mohammad in Medinah be forward his uncle Muttalib decided to bring him to Mecca.The uncle to his grandfather had for years established himself as an Arab leader in Mekkah hence the command to groom Mohammad grandfather as a successor. He was a leader of the Arab commonwealth and had the role of winning c ar of the holy sanctuary kabah, Mecca was a city that joined other big trading countries care Syria, Yemen and Egypt. Thus Mohammad suffer be utter to come from an established family of leaders and traders. His lineage though can be t festinated from the descendants of prophet Ismail by dint of with(p) his son second Kedar.(Armstrong 1992). Adult Life Under the mastermind of his uncle Abu Talib, Mohammad became a trader and earned his living from business activities by the time he was twelve years old he had started cruising the east for merchant carav an trips with his uncle, Mohammad acquired a better reputation known of his good character and trust worthiness in his business. (Ali 1997). Through his good reputation he was able to get the attention of a rich merchant widow by the name of Khadijah, who contracted him to transport her freight to Syria.At the age of cardinal five Mohammad got married to Khadijah, khadijah was older by fifteen years and had been widow twice. Through their marriage they were able to get six children, four-spot daughters and two sons. Unfortunately his son Qasim died at the age of two years his nick name was Abul Qasim whose meaning is the father of Qasim, his second son died in infancy he was named Abdullah his nick name was Tayyab this was because he was born after Mohammads prophet hood. His four daughters were named as Zainab, Raqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah.By the time Mohammad received his revelation of becoming a prophet the holy shrines at kabah the holy sanctuary was filled with a hund red and sixty idols, the ultimate message from prophet Ibrahim was asymmetrical and lost this was make through beliefs in superstations and traditions of pilgrims from distant lands. Although this did not affect ardent followers of prophet Ibrahims and Ismails teaching whom through each generation they segregated themselves in the hills in sideline of their true religion.(Ali 1997). The Revelation Mohammad was one of them and at the age of forty during his many retreats to segregated place of religion at Mount Hira during the Ramadan period he received his initial revelation from paragon Jibril (Gabriel). He was instructed to engage by the holy man but since he had no formal education background he replied and said he couldnt read this prompted angel Jibril to embrace him and after releasing him Mohammad still couldnt read.This carry out of embracing was repeated thrice after which the angel commanded him through Allahs might to recite through the name of the lord who creat ed man from that which clings, the lord who taught man what he knew not. after this experience Mohammad was petrified and fled from the mountains. When he reached rest home he asked his wife to cover him from the world using a blanket, this was due to fear. According to the Quran this revelations started in the year 610 CE they are found in Surah in the first five verses. (Armstrong 1992).After for a while Mohammad became abated and was able to discuss his cause of existence frightened to his wife Khadijah, she counseled him by telling him not to be afraid because he was a kind man to his relatives, orphans, he was truthful, thus Allah would not leave him, and he would stand by him. His wife khadijah, and so sought the wisdom of her cousin Waraqa who was old and wise having major power to translate the holy scriptures and revelations. Waraqa confirmed that Mohammad was the expected prophet as according to the scriptures and he ascertained that the angel who had visited Mohammad was the kindred one who had visited Moses that is angel Jibril.Khadijah his wife was the first person to accept Islam thus she became the supporting chromatography column to Mohammad his husband and prophet, this she did earnestly especially during the terzetto year period that the prophets clan of pagan Quarish boycotted the religion. Unfortunately khadijah died at an advanced age of sixty five during the period of Ramadan soon after the boycott was lifted in the year 620 CE. (Ali 1997). Angel Jibril continued to visit Mohamed revealing the will of Allah this was done through signs which are referred as verses.These revelations came inform of verses at times as chapters and at times they came as nonbelievers questioned him on his beliefs. These revelations were then save on available materials the believers were then asked to recite and memorize the teachings. The recording and arrangement of verses took a period of twenty three years. Although the holy book is not recorded in the words of the prophet since they come from the first persona who is Allah. Angel Gabriel guided him and taught him strategies on how to go about the completion of the prophetic mission.Prophets Mohammad own sentiments are recorded separately in a collection known as the Hadith. His Mission His main mission as a prophet was that of restoration, of worship of one true God Allah, who is the creator and sustainer of the universe, he mandated his teachings to be continuation of other prophets such as Moses, he was also delegated the responsibility of ensuring the human race practiced good ethics, morals, legal and social conduct according to gods will. Other ardent followers to his teachings were his cousins Ali, his consideration Zayd Ibn Harinth his friend Abu Bakr and his wife and daughters.They accepted Islam by testifying tat there is no deity omit Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. (Armstrong 1992). In the first three years of his mission he was able to convert fo rty mickle into professing Islam this was no easy task as he was being tortured by the Quarish people in mekkah, his uncle Abu Lahab and his wife were among those people who resisted him and many Quarish leaders advised his uncle to stop his nephew from his mission by religious offering him kingship but Mohammad was not perturbed.This made the Quarish to start persecuting Muslims by beating and torturing them, this was done through boycotts targeting their businesses those who were each weak or poor were tortured publically with no mercy. The prophet was publically denounced and humiliated this was done through at times being hauled with filth while he was praying in the streets. All that unbroken the Muslims and the prophet vigilant was patience which they practiced without the thought of retaliation to their persecutors. though this persecution persisted and all that Mohammad could do is advice the Muslims to wing to Abyssinia modern day Ethiopia in Africa.The Quarish didnt t ake this move very nicely thus they bear them to Ethiopia but the host gave the Muslims a protective arm after realizing that they prophesized on Jesus and Mary him being a Christian he embraced them. After the death of khadijah Mohamed then married two other wives Sawdeh who was a widow and Aisha the daughter of his friend Abu Bakr. They lived in Medinah. In 622 CE the Quarish leaders developed a stratagem to kill the prophet, but their plan was foiled by angel Jibril visiting prophet Mohamed and instructed him to leave mekkah immediately, Abu Bakr tended to(p) him during this escapade.They went south of mekkah to the caves he later sought refuge in Quba on the suburbs of Medinah. His head was offered at the price of hundred camels dead or alive by the Quarish leaders. Though all was not well because they fought many wars with non-believers at Medinah, during this wars many women became widows thus the prophet opted to marry several other women in his sixtieth and 70th year of his life. After this a revelation was made on the number of wives one was to marry, this was defined though he didnt divorce any of his wives being that all of them were either widows or divorcees accept Aisha.During the year 629 CE Mohammad went to pilgrimage in mekkah though he faced some difficulties with the Quarish leaders, they later agreed through an agreement, this was violated again by the same Quarish leaders who attacked allies of the prophet this prompted the prophet to help. (Armstrong 1992). Return to Mecca Prophet Mohammed marched gloriously into mekkah with an army of three thousand Muslims plus ten thousand others that joined him on the air they conquered the holy city and lived there.All the idols at kabah were destroyed and once again it was cleansed from ungodliness brought by foreigners. Though the Mekkans expected that they would face wrath from the prophet, but he pardoned them. The whole of Arabia then accepted Islam, soon after his wife Mariah bore him a s on and he was named Ibrahim he died after ten months. Thus his children on earth came to be numbered seven in total. His death brought an eclipse of the sun and the prophet symbolized this by proverb that the sun and the moon are signs of God. Last DaysThe last pilgrimage performed by the prophet was done in 632 CE its during this pilgrimage that, he received his last revelation from angel Jibril. After two months the prophet died on a Monday June the eighth, in the year 632CE, he was buried at the same place where he died, in Medina. (Armstrong 1992). Conclusion Prophet Mohamed lived a simple and fulfilled life, his worldly self-possession included mats, blankets, jugs and other simple possessions. He spent most of his time praying and in meditation, his family used to fore go meals they relayed on dried bread and dates with water.He left nothing to be inherited except a white mule, a piece of land and a few ammunitions. His last words were that the communities of prophets are no t to be inherited but whatever they live behind should be used for charity. leadership is all about becoming a servant first Mohammad was a servant to his people he was persecuted and tortured for religion sake. He practiced Patience and seeked no retaliation only waiting on Allah to act his generosity to the afflicted is beyond reproach this is seen at the way he extends his kindness to widows and orphans.At the end of his mission as a prophet he was endowed with followers who are all over the world despite the early persecutions he had first as he was ordained. All his persecutors then bowed unto his rule and followed his teachings. All who follow his teachings are called the Muslims and are said to practice Islam they worship at the mosque while they read and practice the Holy Scriptures from the holy book called the Quran. All Muslims try to emulate his teachings his way of life when it comes to honesty and trust worthiness not to mention his kindness.Up to this date the Muslim association make the honor of going to Mecca at least once in a lifetime they admiration it as the holy city were they receive blessings and pardon. Though his life was marred with tribulations he succeeded in doing Gods will, that is free his people a continuation with their religion that was destroyed by foreigners who had idolatrized it. Summary of Prophet Mohammads life Prophet Mohammad was an orphan who was raised by his paternal uncle. He grew to become a merchant in the trade caravans in the great Syria, Yemen and Mecca.He married at the age of twenty five to a rich merchant widow by the name of khadijah. They had two sons who died when still young and four daughters who survived to liberal hood. At the age of forty he was visited by angel Jibril, though in doubt he finally accepted the ordination of prophet hood. He faced numerous persecutions as he went through his missions to the extent of sending his followers to Ethiopia. His own family members (his uncle and aunt) disowned him. He wrote the Quran through revelations made to him by angel Jibril. Later on he conquered the Quarish leadership and ruled Mecca.Before his death he bore another(prenominal) son by the name of Ibrahim though he died after ten months. Prophet Mohamed married three wives, but because of the afflictions that widows went through after wars he extended his kindness and married them. He was a kind man, trustworthy, and simple (humble). References Armstrong K. (1992). Muhammad A Biography of the Prophet. Harper Collins Publishers Ali M. M. (1997). The Biography of the Prophet and the Orientalists. King Fahd Complex dark-brown . D. (2003) A New Introduction to Islam. Blackwell Publishing

The Blindness of King Lear

In the classic Vincent scathe horror film, THEATER OF BLOOD a demented Shakespearean actor murders critics who have savaged him in the aside with a series of gruesome traps based on death scenes from Shakespeares work. At the films conclusion, a critic faces permanent blindness as punishment for being blind to the actors greatness in the same way King Lear was blind to his birth folly and ego.When one reads the disaster OF KING LEAR, one can see that the curse of Lear is that he was blind to the full spectrum of the consequences of his actions. Lear had a whizz minded approach to how he defined his outlook of the world and such blindness lead to the deaths of his friends and family as well as the creation of a needless war with France.At the beginning of the play, Lear wishes to divide his throne amongst his trine daughters. Lear opts to tie the division of his throne into the performance of his daughters in a speech delivery battle and this raises the peevishness of Cordelia, as she refuses to discern part in such a contest. This conclusions in Lear disowning her and that set into question a chain of events where Cordelia marries the leader of France which provides France with the justification to invade Lears country to seize territory these events would never had been possible without Lears narrow-minded paranoia governing his psyche and his actions.From this, it is evident that Lears blindness to his daughters feeling lead to the blindness in being able to see the consequences of his actions. Lear conducted himself in a way of life that was impetuous and ego driven. His inability to understand that he was non being insulted or rejected by Cordelia, but rather Cordelia ( a character who is clearlydefined as having a strong good core) was rejecting the nonion that she should compete with her sisters for her fathers rewards.The irony to this is that because King Lear saw an enemy where an enemy did not exist, he fed the real enemy (France) with t he justification it was loosely looking for in order to take an action against Lear.FOOLNo, hes a yeoman that has a gentleman to his watchword for hes a mad yeoman that sees his son a gentleman before him.The character of the Fool often represents Lears subconscious, as it is the character of the play around that impresses upon Lear the importance of paying attention to what actually is and what sincerely yours exists in the world, as opposed to paying likewise much attention to what is merely his own personal perception of universe a perception that is made-to-order by Lears desire for what he wishes to be true. That is, what exists and what one wishes to exist are two pick creatures.Conversely, this is not to infer that Lear is merely paranoid. There is great need to be wary of foreign invaders and influence. archives has shown that the world has suffered my imperial expansions into sovereign territories and it would not be outside of Lears proper reason to nark that a for eign power would wish to threaten the stability of his kingdom. It had not been without precedent that members of royaltys own family conspired against them, so Lears result was not without merit. Lears problem, however, derived from the fact that he saw enemies where enemies did not exist (as wasthe case with his daughter), took the advice of those who eventually were not helpful to him (his close associates) and, essentially opted to ignore the advice of the person who had his best(p) interests at heart the Fool.FOOLHes mad that trusts in the tameness of a wolf, a horses health, a boys love, or a whores oath.With that statement, The Fool provides a cohesive logical center to the character of Lear, who has gone blindly adrift amidst his own conspiracy theory passions. It is ironic that the Fool sincerely yours is the wisest person in the cast of characters, yet is externally dubbed a fool, dapple those who should know better are in decisive or outright wrong.At original point s, Lear does at to the lowest degree initially make an attempt to take the advice of the Fool or at least give the Fools advice serious contemplation as evidenced in the following response to the Fools commentaryKING LEAR It shall be done I will arraign them straight. Come, nonplus thou here, most learned justicer Thou, sapient sir, sit here. Now, you she-foxesAt this point, it appears that Lear is leaving some of his blindness female genital organ and has finally seen the truth. The Fool has made a wise-man of the king, as the king appears to finally understand the concept that a clear understanding of a real threat vs. a perceived threat is reached. Lears problem, however, is that he is always seeking third partyvalidation of his beliefs. He will prescribe to the Fools advice for a short time, but then will waiver and side with his associates who are more volition to tell him what he wants to hear. This allows the Fool to become symbolic of a moral conscious. When the Fool app ears and reappears throughout the play, it symbolizes Lears central, endemic problem reason, logic and clarity of thought are inconsistent with Lear. As a leader, is assessment is not sound and prone to radical faltering.A great deal of the irony of the play derives from the fact that while Cordelia appears to be the instigator of the loss of Lears throne, it is actually she who is the one who seeks to restore Lear. Lears other daughters, Goneril and Regan, ultimately prove that their loyalties lie with the material aspects of the throne and their true natures surface when they start to squabble amongst themselves over the affections of Edmund. on the whole of this provides a scenario that is more damaging to Lears self-preservation than he initially perceived. In other words, he never should have directed his venom towards Cordelia, but did so because of his perpetual blindness towards what actually is vs. what he perceives reality to be. In reality, the threats lie with the good daughters such as Goneril, as evidenced in the following talks where it is clear she shares little regard for the value of Lears life.GONERIL By day and night he wrongs me any hour He flashes into one gross crime or other, That sets us all at betting odds Ill not endure it His knights grow riotous, and himself upbraids usOn every trifle. When he returns from hunting,I will not speak with him say I am sick If you come slack of former services, You shall do well the fault of it Ill answerIn the following passage, a clearly unhinged King Lear tries to make sense of the disastrous situation that he finds himself in, all the result of the foolish wedge he drove between himself and his daughter(s) when he conceived of the ill-advised and ill-fated speech contestKING LEAR No, no, no, no Come, lets away to prison We two alone will sing like birds i the henhouse When thou dost ask me blessing, Ill kneel down, And ask of thee forgiveness so well live, And pray, and sing, and tell old tales, and laugh At gilded butterflies, and hear poor rogues Talk of court news and well talk with them too, Who loses and who wins whos in, whos out And take upons the riddle of things, As if we were Gods spies and well wear out, In a walld prison, packs and sects of great ones, That ebb and flow by the moon.Unfortunately, as much as he wishes it were possible, Lear can not correct the past. It has been said that all benignant beings develop their core, central beliefs revolving around the fact that their life experiences create their perception of the world.In Lears situation, as a King and leader of a nation, he was never used to hearing the word no as those looking to remain in the favor of the king and avoid his wrath would simply not take up a position that the King would perceive as threatening. Hence, King Lear developed a predictable and thoroughly unhealthy cause and effect response to the word no to where any ostracize sentiment would result in retaliation to the (perceived) threat.Ultimately, Lear realizes his error when he loses his thrown, sees his family fall apart and then has to fare with internal soul searching in order to find some sort of moral lesson that could at least rationalize the entire experience within his own heart as having ultimately been outlay a greater good. That greater good is, essentially, Lear realizing the error of his ways, but his realization does nothing to reverse the damage. In fact, the final result of all the conflict in the play yields the death of Cordelia, the only daughter who truly loved him.As such, Lear eventually must give up his blindness to what his emotions have created and see the world for what it truly is. Unfortunately for King Lear, these realizations come very late in the equation and his lessons are learned at a point that is far beyond where a benevolent conclusion could have been reached. This is why the yarn of King Lear is called a tragedy.

Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles

Essay TitleIntroductory to organisational behaviour principles Books, journals and articles on organisational behaviour (OB) discharge be found anywhere noadays. Experts and professionals in this area nourish done a split up of enquiry, coming up with theories, models, concepts, explanations and pictures on how a person get out behave in an organisation. This paper argues that in that location are other resources to sponsor us generalise OB better.This paper go out firstly draw what OB is and discuss the similarities and differences found from other resources to our main textbook, Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim compose by Steven Mcshane and Tony Travaglione. It forget then analyse the relevance and profitableness of information to hoi polloi cut backing in organisations and students of OB. So what does OB actually mean? Robbins and Judge (2007, P. ) defined that OB is a field of theatre of operations that investigates the impact that individuals, grou ps, and structure have on behaviour within organisations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improve an organisations effectiveness. While, Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999, P. 3) points out that OB is the study of how people behave in organisations as individuals, teams and how the organisations structure human resources to achieve goals. Comparing these two long definitions on OB, I would rather go on with the sound outment by Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. ), where it says that OB is the study of what people think, feel and do in and around organisations. Its so much easier to grasp and understand the gist of OB especially to students wish well me. What all these experts are trying to say is actually the same and what they had done is only putting their own thoughts into words. This signifies that we humans have a lot of dates on one issue, it can be either the same or different, on that points no right or wrong either, its just a matter of how we savvy things.Thus we need to look into other resources to tap into other peoples views and concepts to learn more rough OB. So why do we study OB? As Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) had put it, we need to understand, predict and influence the behaviour of people, by doing so it will benefit the individual and the organisation. However, Tosi, Mero and Rizzo have a slightly different benignant of say, they say that we study OB to understand, predict and improve the performance of people and ultimately to the organisation which they work (2000, P. 2).The latter(prenominal) statement seems to be more appropriate. Organisations are always trying to improve their employees performance, discourse and decisions making ability by sending their employees for courses like team building. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) have clearly identified and explained the volt lynchpins on which OB is based on, which are the multidisciplinary anchor, systematic research anchor, contingency anchor, multiple le vels of analysis anchor and lastly the bold systems anchor. It appears that this is the only book that includes all five anchors in one book.These clearly explained concepts would back up students to understand OB with ease and clarity than any other resources researched. With regards to the multidisciplinary anchor, Robbins and Judge (2007) only talks about the contributions to OB field from four behavioural disciplines which are psychology, social psychology, sociology and anthropology. Mcshane and Travaglione talks more than that, they even listed and discussed how uphill disciplines like communications and marketing contribute to the study of OB.Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) say that scholars have been depending on systematic research to form research questions, and apply test hypotheses against collected data. Mcshane and Travaglione also suggest that researchers are adopting grounded theory to understand the working environment. Its a qualitative method whereby concepts and theories are formed by data collections like observations and interviews. For guinea pig, the Department for transport in the United Kingdom did a project to find out what factors ingrain the choice of transport of their citizens (Department for transport 2003).Maybe the Land Transport Authority in Singapore can refer to this article and find out the reason for the increasing number of people owning cars in Singapore. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. 17) state that no single solution is best in all circumstances. What works in one dapple may not be successful in a different situation (12Manage, 2008). This is a view appropriated by Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999) where they say for each situation a different kind of respond is required.An example can be money money can be a motivator for some people but may not be that effective on others, it all depends on the persons financial needs and status (Vries 2007). Therefore, OB experts and managers in organisations learn to unders tand factors of different situations in consecrate to respond more appropriately and effectively (Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999). Similarly to our main text, Robbins and Judge (2007) states that there are one-third levels of analysis on OB, the micro which studies the individual, middle level which covers the small group and the macro level which looks into organisations.However, the latter book had included a model for visualisation, creating an image of importance on this classification will help students to understand topics area of concern later in the book. Now lets look at the last anchor, the open system anchor. Similarly to our main text, Thomas (2005) points out that organisations are open systems that will receive input of information and resources from the environment and in turn transform them into goods or service in the first place returning them back into the environment.Organisations are always restructuring and strategising to survive in the corporate world (Tap lin 2005). This information will definitely be useful to top managements of organisations. They can apply this knowledge to strengthen their market share and strengthen their company image. This paper has argued that in order to understand OB principles more, a lot of interpreting and research had to be done. We have looked at what OB exactly is and due to the ever changing environment, peoples view and perceptions change, so we need to understand, predict and influence the changing needs of people.By using the five anchors we will be able to do that. Even though some information researched is the same, it still increases my knowledge on OB through the constant readings, some information may be irrelevant, but it is still useful even if only one percent of new knowledge is gained. Total word count (1060) References Cummings, TG 2005, open systems, Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Organizational Behavior, viewed 2 rarified 2008, http//web. ebscohost. com. libproxy. sim. edu. s g/ehost/detail? id=4&hid=120&sid=add89e44-3e79-4bf6-ac4d-7c90f405c030%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=lmh&AN=20986772 Department for Transport 2003, Psychological Factors Affecting Transport Mode Choice, viewed 2 August 2008, . Mcshane, S. & Travaglione, T. 2007, Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, NSW. Nahavandi, A. & Malekzadeh, A. R. 1999, Organizational Behavior, The person-organization fit, Prentice Hall Inc, refreshful Jersey. Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. 2007, Organizational Behavior, 12th edn, Pearson education Inc, USA.Taplin, I. M. 2005, Strategic change and organisational restructuring How managers negotiate change initiatives, Journal of world(prenominal) management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 284-301, viewed 4 August 2008, Science Direct. Tosi, H. L. , Mero, N. P. & Rizzo, J. R. 2000, Managing Organizational Behavior, 4th edn, Blackwell Publishers Inc, USA. Vries, M. K. D. 2007, Money, Money, Money, Organ izational Dynamics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 231243, viewed 29 July 2008, Science Direct. 12 Manage 2008, Contingency Theory, Bilthoven, viewed 2 August 2008,

Research Methods and Modeling Techniques Essay

Mergers and encyclopedisms (M&As) are important modes through which unshakables undertake their domestic and planetary strategies. M&As look into is important because these effects suffer significant implications for firms process (Laamanen & Keil, 2008). When a firm carries out an transnational M&A it gains full dominance over the foreign unit (Arregle, Hebert & Beamish, 2006). In addition, once established, these proceeding are difficult to change, because they have long-term consequences for thefirm (Capron & Pistre, 2002). Given its high relevance, legion(predicate) empirical studies have addressed the M&As inquiry such as the overview by Noe & Rebello in 2006, as well as theoretical articles written by Chi in 2000 and Shaver in 2006.However, even after decades of research on this issue, the empirical research provides no clear consensus on the furbish up of these transactions on the firms performance. For instance, Child, Faulkner and Pitkethly (2001) found that cult ural differences are interchangeablely to have a negative match on the firms post- erudition performance. According to Morosini, Shane and Singh (1998) international M&As have compel major strategic tools for collective growth of multinational corporations. M&As increase the efficiency and effectiveness of exclusively industries, and overly affects respective(prenominal) companies competitory ability (Hitt, Ireland & Harrison, 2001). or so of the times M&As are the only way to rent resources and k instantaneouslyledge that are non available in the market.A transaction is known as an acquisition when a buyer acquires every or contribution of the assets or line of reasoninges of a selling friendship. In field of study the order c completelyer-out is purchased despite its active resistance the transaction is also known as unconnected takeover. A optical fusion, in contrast, is the corporate combination of two or to a greater extent independent business corporations into a single enterp fancy up, commonly the absorption of bingle or more firms by a dominant one. Most of transactions are considered as acquisitions. One possibility is to literally merge two companies, in which fictional character one company automatically assumes all the assets and liabilities of the an another(prenominal)(prenominal). In this case, the merger must have the approval of at least 50 percent of the investment companyholders of distributively firm concerned.The alternative is to simply acquire the sellers stock by purchasing it on the stock market or in exchange for shares. This development commonly takes say by increasing slowly, but surely revenues over time in the market the company has sire part of. Knowing the clients needs products captivate alter, differentiated and new products get launched. Now its been a while since the acquisition and it is more than obvious that this kind of venture was a great idea from Adidas and now it is up to them to try t o improve even more and pretty soon overcome Nike as orbiculate becomeer in department of sports equipment, and in unity with Reebok it willing be much easier.The closing of the Reebok transaction on January 31, 2006 marks a new chapter in the history of the Adidas Group. By combining two of the close to(prenominal) respected and well-known brands in the worldwide sporting goods industry, the new group will benefit from a more competitive worldwide platform, well-defined and complementary brand identities, a wider range of products, and a stronger bearing crosswise teams, athletes, events and leagues. The merged companies will maintain their individual brands yet, together, will cover a larger categorization of sports and geographic regions, with Reeboks strength in U.S. sports and Adidas more international presence.Their combined clout will also give them stronger bargaining power with retailers. The combination of Adidas and Reebok accelerates the Adidas Groups strategic int ent in the global athletic footwear, apparel and hardware markets. The new Group will benefit from a more competitive platform worldwide, well defined and complementary brand identities, a wider range of products, and an even stronger presence across teams, athletes, events and leagues.Adidas is a German company and has 14,217 employees with global sales of 81 million in 2004 (http//www.fashionbrandsonline.net/adidas-reebok-merger-and-what-the-real-motives/). Reebok was originally a British company, moved to the United States in 1979 and started production of Reebok products in 2004, global sales of 40 zillion dollars. Through the merger of Reebok, Adidas will significantly increase market visibility, integrating the two companies complement each others consumer base and geographical advantages.This will allow them to be able to narrow Nike lead in the market share to a minimum. The main goal is to benefit from the best sides of each company and emphasize on it. In case of Adidas it is focus on producing sporting goods in all of the categories oddly in area of soccer, basketball and tennis. Reebok is in charge of providing market share by emphasizing on their main feature and that is cricket and stylish products well promoted by the celebrities from the music world such as Nelly and Jay Z.PROBLEM STATEMENTPrevious research offers no validation that there is a clear affinity ofan improvement of KPI for companies, which participate in M&A transactions, when comparing the figures of the newly merged company, with those of the confused companies distributively in case the transaction never happened. The various resolves explained before shows why companies engage in mergers or acquisitions, however, give rise to the presumption that there are positive effects companies benefit from when combining their businesses with those of other carefully selected entity. The overall goal is to get all the necessary info related to the overall stead of the company aft er merger and to see how the transition went and if the situation at the company is better hence before the merger.So the first question is will the new company get a rise in sales and is there a chance to overcome Nike as overall leader in sports brand industry?Theres no such thing as a merger of equals one company always brings the dominant culture. Smart companies will go out of their way to be protectionist and preserve certain parts of the smaller entity. There may be certain aspects of the culture you requisite to preserve and value in the firm youre merging with. Keeping the foundation that made the other company successful must be of essential value. direction absolutely has got to empower people to have a voice in defining what the new corporate culture is going to be. The goal is to knock aspects of both cultures that can work in the new combined culture. So basically the second research question would be how the new formed company is going to deal with combining diffe rent focus values and complexity of joining two corporate cultures?Both Adidas and Reebok went through big financial crises in 90s so the third and final question would be to investigate what led up to that and what can newly merged company do to avoid that situation. Issues led to big debts to each of the companies involved in this merger and it is of high relevance to research this with big attention.LITERATURE REVIEWTo develop a solid answer to the research question, literature review isnecessary and important. Academic literature will serve well in getting all necessary information to make sure that all the answers have been created powerful and that will help in solving the stated problem.The area of Mergers and Acquisitions is a field of great bear on to researchers. The will of companies to acquire or merge with another entity is not a new phenomenon as already clearly argued above. There are diverse reasons why a company looks for external opportunities of growth quite of concentrating on its own capabilities of growing organically. Over time, two different tracks of research have developed investigating different aspects and consequences of merger and acquisition transactions. One track is focusing on stock prizes and their fluctuations. This track usually investigates the oblivious-term consequences of mergers and acquisitions around a certain event, which gives it its name event study. The event can be the declaration of a transaction or the actual transaction date when the deal has not been announced publically before.After all, it does not matter which of the two events will be studied since it is actually the information, which is of importance and expensed into the stock and not the event in time like announcement or the actual completion of the deal. The price of the stocks will change the moment investors do change their expectations and take respective actions like going short or long in the securities concerned. Generally, the resu lts of these event studies are that the bidding firms stock prize does fall at the time of the announcement but then recovers shortly after. The stock price of the target firms, in contrast, usually does benefit from the takeover due to the premium, which is normally paid by the acquiring company.Jensen and Ruback (1983) investigate a 12 researches, which are examining event studies during 1956 and 1981. Their overall conclusion is that in those studies the bidding firm does loose while target firms benefit from takeovers. On average, targets do earn 20% when a merger has been announced and up to 30% in case of a tetchy offer (http//definitions.uslegal.com/m/mergers-and-acquisitions/). In contrast, the companies, which are to acquire do earn just 4% on average in abnormal returns on a tender offer and nothing from merger announcements.Using the cash flow as a measure of economic performance of the investigated companies, Sharma studies the performance of the post acquisition era of the fifty largest companies in the United States between 1979 and 1984. They analyze the performance after the merger of the combined new entity with the addition of performance of the companies prior to the merger. Their result is that the more related the two companies prior to the merger have been, more likely it is to have significant performance improvement.another(prenominal) similar study has been performed by Christian Tuch, which also uses cash flow as ascertain factor. According to him both acquirers and targets on average earn a lower operating margin on sales prior to the bid (Christian Tuch, International journal of management reviews, The impact of acquisitions, 2007)The intention of the companies is to differentiate their products (Li et al. p.74) from those of their competitors in order to sharpen the brands profile. This leads to the situation that products objectively are still comparable but subjectively for the clients become more difficult to substitute one against each other since it is not just any raiment you buy.Healy and Switzer focus on M&A undertaken in USA. Tuch limits his research on transaction and their consequences to the retail empyrean in UK. One thing is certain and it is that results vary from case to case. However there are no patterns weather this kind of transaction pay out or not. Switzer uses a larger sample than Healy et al. did and surveys 324 transactions in the US between 1967 and 1987. The performance of the companies involved is measured by the cash flow and it is adjusted by industries average. The author limits that targets and bidders are outperforming its industry benchmarks before and after the merger respectively.METHODOLOGYTo generate a research strategy, to collect credible data, the paper will use existing system to develop hypotheses. Consequently, my research paper willbe based on a deductive research approach. With this approach the theory of the research paper will be proved through collecti ng quantitative data and explaining the causative relationships between variables (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill 2009).All the literature previously mentioned in chapter two, will represent the base for this research. It will embarrass the research of all archive with the special attention to databases of New York Public Library, such as EBSCO. side by side(p) feeling would be creating a survey, through which I will have the creeds of the employees at Adidas. Taking this step allows to take in consideration opinions of the employees, which will be better explained in further text.The broader literature on survey methods suggests measures for assessing these response tendencies and some corrections of them. However, these measures and corrections are any not simple, or not adequately used or tested in the context of cross-national survey research.More importantly, there is not much clarity on how, if at all, response tendencies distort survey.This questionnaire will be looking for closed answers by providing different options of answers for people to choose from. First thing that I will do is to touching one of the top management at the Adidas, and get their opinion on the questions, which will be part of the survey. By doing this they will be included in the whole process and I could get their opinion on the matter. Since enough time has passed after the merger occurred the answers I get from the employees will enable me to get better understanding of how everything operates since then.The way I will be communicating with them will be via netmail and the goal is to get as straight- forward and honest answer as possible. The simplest techniques to reduce socially desired responding are to assure responsive anonymity, indirect questioning (Fisher, 1993), and to keep some distance between the respondent and the researcher (through a telephone or mail survey). However, even these techniques are unable to fully control sociallydesirable responding. One reas on might be the strength of the tendency among some respondents. Another reason might be the unintentional tendency to exaggerate the possession of socially desirable traits and behaviors among other respondents. (Chandrasekaran and Tellis, 2010)Good way to attract the attention of intended employees for survey is to before hand explain them the purpose of the research, and what I plan to make out of it. For higher number of responses this will be both on the questionnaire and in the e-mail. The number of participants should be at least 50 so I would have a proper picture of the overall situation.The whole survey will be designed based on the Likert scale, which basically consists of five possible answers. Those are strongly agree, agree, not sure, disagree and strongly disagree. The questions I would like to ask at this stage would focus on information to the previous state, when the companies were separate entities and now milk whey they are merged company. Examples of the questio ns that would be part of the survey are if the company changed the policies related to handling their operations, how the company is performing under new management and how did the company transit from two big rivals to the teammates on the task.The whole proposed research would last for 3 months, because in my personal opinion thats how long it takes to analyze all the aspects relevant to the matter. The first phase would be to analyze the literature that already exists on the matter so I can get a better understanding of the area.Next step would be blueprint a survey. This step is going to be easier because interviews stage will clarify the question that need to be answered, and this survey would consist of closed questions with few options to choose from. The whole survey will be in English.When we are talking about the resources there arent going to be any financial resources needful and the only thing this project would demand is dedication and time.ETHICSGiven that any chang es that happen in an organization may be influenced by the behavior of the workforce in general, it is necessary for communication to be open open on all channels, thus ensuring that there is much confidence as instinct of responsibility in each employee to the company. Having in mind that in every organization there is a supply chain that ends and begins with the client, for this reason it is imperative that any decision is made to ensure that there will be no negative impact to customers.And as it is the case in any chain if one link fails, the entire chain will fail. The client himself is not able identify which of the links failed. Therefore, if a company failed to meet any specific requirement of the customer, the whole chain fails. Eventually they may find another brand that will provide thatproduct. However this situation is not good for any either side. (Slack, Chambers, Johnston, 2007).The company needs to have a strong culture in order to transmit to all those who in one- way, or another are involved in it shareholders, directors, employees, suppliers and customers. Although the supply chain helps accelerate to bring down costs, when they are managed with skill, the risks increase when they become more complex. The consequences of failure of a company have an impact when that wrongdoing more quickly vibrates throughout the supply chain. By integrating commercial collaborations with other firms, one of the most difficult obstacles is to manage expectations and ensure that each of the companies reached. The supply chain is only as strong as its weakest link.REFERENCESAdidas Group Yearly Report 2007 MSCI World Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods,p.39, Retrieved from www.adidas.com (Accessed January 6th)Arregle J, Hebert L, and Beamish P (2006) Mode of international entry The advantages of multilevel methods. solicitude International Review 46(5) 597-618.Capron L, Mitchell W and Swaminathan A (2001) Asset divestiture following crosswise acquisitions A d ynamic view Strategic Management Journal 22(9), 817-844.Chambers S., Johnston R., Slack N. (2007). Operations Management. fifth ed. Harlow Pearson Education Ltd. 121-140.Chi, T., (2000) Option to acquire or divest a joint venture Strategic Management Journal 21(6) 665-687.Child J, Faulkner D and Pitkethly R (2001) The management of international acquisitions Realizing their potential value. New York Oxford University Press.Divesh S., (2002) Journal of business finance and accounting, volume 29Healy, P., Palepu, Krishna G. Ruback, R., (1992) _Does Corporate Performance improve after Mergers?_ Journal of Financial political economy 31 (3),Jensen, Michael C., Ruback, Richard S.,(2003). _The Market for Corporate Control The Scientific Evidence_ Journal of Financial EconomicsLaamanen, T., and Keil, T., (2008) Performance of back-to-back acquirers Toward an acquisition program perspective. Strategic Management Journal 29(6) 663- 672.Morosini P., Shane S., Singh H., (1998). National cultu ral distance and cross- border acquisition performance. Journal of International studies, 29(1) P.137-158Noe T., and Rebello M., (2006) The role of debt purchases in takeovers A tale of two retailers. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 15(3) P.609-648Shaver J (2006) A paradox of synergy Contagion and capacity effects in mergers and acquisitions. Academy of Management Review, 31(4) P.962-976Switzer, Jeannette A., (1996). _Evidence on real gains in corporate acquisitions_ Journal of Economics and Business 48 (5)Tuch C.,(2007) International journal of management reviews, The impact of acquisitions, Volume 9(2) P 141-170